Arc flash hazard assessment, short circuit analysis, protective device coordination, power factor correction, and harmonics analysis per IEEE/CSA standards.

How often should an arc flash study be updated?

NFPA 70E recommends reviewing the arc flash study every 5 years or whenever a major system change occurs (new utility transformer, added generation, breaker replacements, load additions). Outdated studies create liability exposure.

Key Deliverables

• Arc flash hazard study (IEEE 1584:2018) with incident energy calculations
• Arc flash labels for all equipment (NFPA 70E compliant)
• Short circuit analysis (maximum fault current at each bus)
• Protective device coordination study (time-current curves)
• Load flow analysis (voltage profiles, loading percentages)

What triggers a power factor penalty?

Most Canadian utilities charge power factor penalties when the average PF falls below 0.90 (some utilities use 0.85). The penalty typically applies to the kVAR demanded above the threshold. A capacitor bank study can eliminate most penalties with a payback of 1–3 years.